There were about 18,000 Acadians
living in North America in 1755, the year of the Acadian exile.
Many of them fled from Acadia before the deportation,
going to Prince Edward Island and parts of New Brunswick that
were still held by France, or moving to the Quebec or Montreal
areas.
Some
others were able to flee into the woods and hide, escaping
immediate deportation. For example, a group led by Joseph (Beausoleil)
Broussard, who would eventually go to Louisiana, hid in the
woods for nearly two years before starvation finally forced them
to surrender.
The first deportations were carried
out by 2,000 troops from New England, aided by 250 British
regulars. About 7,000 Acadians were actually sent from their
homeland aboard 24 crowded ships and scattered along the
Atlantic Seaboard and elsewhere. Some 2,000 Acadians were sent
to Massachusetts, 700 to Connecticut, more that 300 to New York,
500 to Pennsylvania, nearly 1,000 to Maryland, 400 or more to
Georgia and about 1,000 to Carolina.
Twelve hundred Acadians reached
Virginia in the fall of 1755, but were not allowed off the ships
because authorities at Jamestown feared a smallpox epidemic.
These ships were sent to England. Many of the Acadians died
aboard ship because of squalid conditions and overcrowding.
The deportation order remained in
effect until 1764, although it became more difficult to find
place for the exiles after the first shiploads were sent to
American colonies on the Atlantic Coast. Most of the colonies
did not know that the exiles were coming and were unprepared to
receive them.
From 1756 to 1763, Acadians who had
hidden in the woods when the first deportations began, were
either rounded up by British troops or went to the British
settlements voluntarily when winter weather and starvation made
in impossible to continue to hide. Most of them were held at
Fort Edwards (Pisiquid), Fort Cumberland, and the forts at
Annapolis Royal and Halifax. A final attempt at deporting some
of the Acadians in 1762 failed when authorities in Massachusetts
refused to accept them.
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